Urethroplasty
Urethroplasty is a surgical procedure performed to repair and reconstruct the urethra, which may be necessary due to strictures (narrowing), trauma, or congenital abnormalities affecting urinary function. During urethroplasty, the damaged or scarred portion of the urethra is removed and replaced with healthy tissue or grafts. This procedure aims to restore normal urine flow and alleviate symptoms such as difficulty urinating, recurrent infections, and urinary retention. Urethroplasty is tailored to the specific condition of the patient's urethra, utilizing various techniques such as buccal mucosa grafts or penile skin flaps to ensure optimal outcomes. Successful urethroplasty can significantly improve quality of life by resolving urinary symptoms and reducing the need for ongoing interventions.
Augmentation Cystoplasty
Augmentation cystoplasty is a surgical procedure designed to enlarge the bladder's capacity and improve its compliance. It is commonly performed in patients with small bladder capacity or decreased bladder compliance due to conditions like neurogenic bladder (resulting from spinal cord injury, spina bifida, or multiple sclerosis). During augmentation cystoplasty, segments of the patient's bowel or synthetic materials are used to augment the bladder. This procedure helps alleviate symptoms such as urinary frequency, urgency, and incontinence by allowing the bladder to store larger volumes of urine more effectively. Augmentation cystoplasty aims to enhance bladder function and quality of life for patients who experience significant bladder dysfunction that cannot be managed conservatively.
Hemodialysis Access Surgeries
Hemodialysis access surgeries are essential procedures for patients with end-stage renal disease who require regular dialysis treatments to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood. These surgeries create vascular access points necessary for hemodialysis by connecting an artery to a vein. The radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) involves connecting the radial artery to the cephalic vein in the forearm, providing efficient blood flow for dialysis. Similarly, the brachiocephalic AVF connects the brachial artery to the cephalic vein or the basilic vein in the upper arm. Basilic vein transposition involves relocating the basilic vein to a more accessible position for dialysis. These procedures are crucial for ensuring adequate blood flow during dialysis sessions, optimizing treatment effectiveness, and minimizing complications associated with vascular access.
Radiocephalic AVF (Arteriovenous Fistula)
A radiocephalic AVF is a surgical procedure where an artery in the forearm (usually the radial artery) is surgically connected to a nearby vein (typically the cephalic vein). This connection creates a fistula, allowing high-pressure arterial blood to flow directly into the vein. Over time, the vein enlarges and strengthens, providing a reliable site for repeated needle insertions during hemodialysis treatments. The radiocephalic AVF is preferred due to its lower complication rates and longer patency compared to other types of vascular access.
Brachiocephalic AVF (Arteriovenous Fistula)
A brachiocephalic AVF involves connecting the brachial artery in the upper arm to either the cephalic vein or the basilic vein. This procedure is typically performed when the radial artery in the forearm is not suitable for creating a fistula or when higher blood flow rates are needed for efficient hemodialysis. The brachiocephalic AVF provides easier access for dialysis needles and can accommodate higher blood flow rates, making it suitable for patients with larger body size or higher dialysis requirements
Basilic-Vein Transposition
Basilic-vein transposition is a surgical procedure where the basilic vein, located in the upper arm, is moved closer to the skin surface and connected to a nearby artery to create an arteriovenous fistula. This procedure is performed when the veins in the forearm are inadequate for fistula creation or have been exhausted due to previous access attempts. Basilic-vein transposition allows for reliable and long-lasting vascular access for hemodialysis treatments, particularly in patients who require frequent or long-term dialysis. It offers a viable alternative when other types of AVFs are not feasible or have failed.
Trans-Urethral Valve Fulguration
Trans-urethral valve fulguration is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat congenital abnormalities such as posterior urethral valves in infants and children. This condition obstructs urine flow from the bladder, leading to urinary tract infections and kidney damage if left untreated. During the procedure, a cystoscope is inserted through the urethra to identify and cauterize the obstructing valves using a specialized instrument that emits heat or electrical energy. Trans-urethral valve fulguration aims to alleviate obstruction, restore normal urine flow, and prevent complications associated with urinary stasis and kidney dysfunction. It is a preferred treatment option due to its minimal invasiveness, shorter recovery times, and reduced risk of complications compared to open surgical approaches.
Laparoscopic Orchiopexy
Laparoscopic orchiopexy is a surgical procedure performed to treat undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) in children or adults. In this procedure, small incisions are made in the abdomen through which a laparoscope and surgical instruments are inserted. The laparoscope provides a magnified view of the internal structures, allowing the surgeon to locate the undescended testicle, mobilize it from its abnormal position, and secure it into the scrotum using sutures or surgical mesh. Laparoscopic orchiopexy offers advantages such as reduced post-operative pain, faster recovery, and minimal scarring compared to traditional open surgery. It aims to promote normal testicular development, preserve fertility potential, and reduce the risk of complications associated with untreated cryptorchidism.
Laparoscopic Ureteric Re-implantation
Laparoscopic ureteric re-implantation is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes into the kidneys. During the procedure, small keyhole incisions are made in the abdomen through which a laparoscope and specialized instruments are inserted. The surgeon identifies the affected ureteric opening and repositions it within the bladder wall, creating a new and more effective valve mechanism to prevent urine reflux. Laparoscopic ureteric re-implantation offers advantages such as shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and reduced risk of post-operative complications compared to open surgical techniques. It aims to preserve kidney function, prevent urinary tract infections, and improve overall urinary continence in patients with VUR.